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    Home»Youtube»But how does bitcoin actually work?
    But how does bitcoin actually work?
    Youtube

    But how does bitcoin actually work?

    December 5, 2025
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    The math behind cryptocurrencies.
    Help fund future projects: https://www.patreon.com/3blue1brown
    An equally valuable form of support is to simply share some of the videos.
    Special thanks to these supporters: http://3b1b.co/btc-thanks
    This video was also funded with help from Protocol Labs: https://protocol.ai/join/

    Some people have asked if this channel accepts contributions in cryptocurrency form. As a matter of fact, it does:
    http://3b1b.co/crypto
    ENS: 3b1b.eth

    2^256 video: https://youtu.be/S9JGmA5_unY

    Music by Vincent Rubinetti: https://soundcloud.com/vincerubinetti/heartbeat

    Here are a few other resources I’d recommend:

    Original Bitcoin paper: https://bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf

    Block explorer: https://blockexplorer.com/

    Blog post by Michael Nielsen: https://goo.gl/BW1RV3
    (This is particularly good for understanding the details of what transactions look like, which is something this video did not cover)

    Video by CuriousInventor: https://youtu.be/Lx9zgZCMqXE

    Video by Anders Brownworth: https://youtu.be/_160oMzblY8

    Ethereum white paper: https://goo.gl/XXZddT

    Timestamps:

    0:00 – Introduction
    2:25 – Ledgers and digital signatures
    7:21 – The ledger is the currency
    10:06 – Decentralization
    12:26 – Cryptographic hash functions
    14:38 – Proof of work and blockchains
    19:42 – Double spending
    21:41 – Block times, halvenings, and transaction fees
    24:40 – Thanks

    Thanks to these viewers for their contributions to translations
    Italian: @lcl45

    ——————
    Animations are largely made using manim, a scrappy open-source python library. https://github.com/3b1b/manim

    If you want to check it out, I feel compelled to warn you that it’s not the most well-documented tool, and has many other quirks you might expect in a library someone wrote with only their own use in mind.

    Music by Vincent Rubinetti.
    Download the music on Bandcamp:
    https://vincerubinetti.bandcamp.com/album/the-music-of-3blue1brown

    Stream the music on Spotify:

    If you want to contribute translated subtitles or to help review those that have already been made by others and need approval, you can click the gear icon in the video and go to subtitles/cc, then “add subtitles/cc”. I really appreciate those who do this, as it helps make the lessons accessible to more people.
    ——————

    3blue1brown is a channel about animating math, in all senses of the word animate. And you know the drill with YouTube, if you want to stay posted on new videos, subscribe, and click the bell to receive notifications (if you’re into that).

    If you are new to this channel and want to see more, a good place to start is this playlist: http://3b1b.co/recommended

    Various social media stuffs:
    Website: https://www.3blue1brown.com
    Twitter: https://twitter.com/3Blue1Brown
    Patreon: https://patreon.com/3blue1brown
    Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/3blue1brown
    Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/3Blue1Brown

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