IBM has unveiled the first published reference architecture for quantum-centric supercomputing, outlining how quantum computing can be integrated into modern supercomputing environments.
Quantum computers are advancing towards useful simulations of complex quantum systems, with emerging hybrid algorithms already delivering meaningful results in fields such as chemistry and materials science.
However, their ability to tackle grand-challenge scientific problems remains limited by their separation from classical supercomputing infrastructure, which still requires manual data movement and coordination between quantum and classical systems.
To address this challenge, IBM proposes a quantum-centric supercomputing blueprint that integrates quantum processors (QPUs) with GPUs and CPUs across on-premises systems, research centers, and cloud platforms, enabling different computing technologies to work together on problems beyond the reach of individual systems.
The architecture brings quantum and classical technologies into a unified computing environment by combining quantum hardware with classical resources, including CPU and GPU clusters, high-speed networking, and shared storage, to support intensive workloads and algorithm development.
IBM scientists outline a three-phase roadmap toward this model: first, integrating QPUs as accelerators within existing high-performance computing (HPC) environments; then developing middleware-enabled heterogeneous platforms that abstract system complexity from users; and ultimately, creating fully co-optimized quantum-classical systems designed for end-to-end workflows.
With this foundation, IBM enables coordinated workflows that span both quantum and classical computing.
Integrated orchestration and open software frameworks, including Qiskit, allow developers and scientists to access quantum capabilities through familiar development tools, helping extend quantum computing applications to fields like chemistry, materials science, and optimization.
“Today’s quantum processors are beginning to tackle the hardest parts of scientific problems—those governed by quantum mechanics in chemistry,” said Jay Gambetta, Director of IBM Research and IBM Fellow.
“The future lies in quantum-centric supercomputing, where quantum processors work together with classical high-performance computing to solve problems that were previously out of reach. IBM is building the technology and systems that bring this future of computing into reality today,” he stated.